1.1.1. Android消息机制

Android 线程间通信的方式？

Handler
共享内存（变量）
文件数据库
Java 里的 wait()，notify()，notifyAll()

多个Handler 一个Looper 一个MsgQueue 多个Msg

Handler

构造方法绑定Looper中的 MessageQueue

   public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {

        mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
        if (mLooper == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
        }
        mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
        mCallback = callback;
        mAsynchronous = async;
    }

sendMessage(Message msg)
sendEmptyMessage(int what)
sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0)
sendEmptyMessageDelayed(what, 0)

以上均等于

    public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
        MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
        if (queue == null) {
            RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
                    this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
            Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
            return false;
        }
        return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
    }

Looper

ActivityThread的main方法中初始化looper

  public static void main(String[] args) {

        Looper.prepareMainLooper();

        ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
        thread.attach(false);

        Looper.loop();

        throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
    }

MessageQueue.java


    boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
        if (msg.target == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target.");
        }
        if (msg.isInUse()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use.");
        }

        synchronized (this) {
            if (mQuitting) {
                IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException(
                        msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");
                Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
                msg.recycle();
                return false;
            }

            msg.markInUse();
            msg.when = when;
            Message p = mMessages;
            boolean needWake;
            if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
                // New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
                msg.next = p;
                mMessages = msg;
                needWake = mBlocked;
            } else {
                // Inserted within the middle of the queue.  Usually we don't have to wake
                // up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue
                // and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue.
                needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
                Message prev;
                for (;;) {
                    prev = p;
                    p = p.next;
                    if (p == null || when < p.when) {
                        break;
                    }
                    if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
                        needWake = false;
                    }
                }
                msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
                prev.next = msg;
            }

            // We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false.
            if (needWake) {
                nativeWake(mPtr);
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

腾讯Android面试：Handler中有Loop死循环，为什么没有阻塞主线程，原理是什么

Handler中有Looper死循环，为什么没有阻塞主线程？

ActivityThread创建时会初始化Looper，线程执行代码后，生命周期变会终止。所以我们需要Looper死循环才能保证主线程一直存活。

主线程的死循环一直运行是不是特别消耗CPU资源呢？

其实不然，这里就涉及到Linux pipe/epoll机制，简单说就是在主线程的MessageQueue没有消息时，便阻塞在loop的queue.next()中的nativePollOnce()方法里，此时主线程会释放CPU资源进入休眠状态，直到下个消息到达或者有事务发生，通过往pipe管道写端写入数据来唤醒主线程工作。这里采用的epoll机制，是一种IO多路复用机制，可以同时监控多个描述符，当某个描述符就绪(读或写就绪)，则立刻通知相应程序进行读或写操作，本质同步I/O，即读写是阻塞的。所以说，主线程大多数时候都是处于休眠状态，并不会消耗大量CPU资源。 Gityuan–Handler(Native层)

MessageQueue中的msg是根据什么排列的？

为什么handler可以在线程间传递？

Handler创建的时候会采用当前线程的Looper来构造消息循环系统。构造方法中会取looper，该looper是ActivityThread初始化时候创建的，并保存在ThreadLocal中

 public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
        if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
            final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
            if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
                    (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
                Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
                    klass.getCanonicalName());
            }
        }

        mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
        if (mLooper == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                "Can't create handler inside thread " + Thread.currentThread()
                        + " that has not called Looper.prepare()");
        }
        mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
        mCallback = callback;
        mAsynchronous = async;
    }

2-03.framework-Android消息机制